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OH Science 2004 Grade 9

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  • A scientist found a statue in the ancient ruins of
    a desert city. The statue was 1,000 years old
    and showed no evidence of weathering. The
    statue was moved to a city park in Cleveland.
    After one year, the statue showed evidence of
    extreme weathering. What is the most likely
    reason that this weathering occurred?

    The statue was very dry from being in the desert.

    The statue was very old and was starting to decay.

    The statue was damaged by rain.

    The statue was damaged while being transported from the desert.


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  • The nucleus of a cell is often described as the “director” of the cell. The nucleus has been given this name because it


    contains the cell’s genetic material.

    contains the cell’s cytoplasm.

    is the largest structure in the cell.

    sits directly in the center of the cell.


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  • In a food web, some animals can be classified
    as omnivores; that is, they eat both plants and
    animals. Which of the following animals in the
    figure below is an omnivore?

    rabbit
    partridge
    foz

    caterpillar


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  • One of the major differences between plants and animals is that most plants can


    make their own food; animals cannot.

    metabolize their food; animals cannot.

    survive in many different environments; animals cannot.

    live for many years; animals cannot.


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  • If an object’s speed is increasing to the left, what is the direction of the applied force?


    to the left

    to the right

    forward

    backward


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  • Unbalanced forces are acting on which person?


    a person sitting in a parked car

    a person in a car that is slowing down while coming to a stop sign

    a person driving at exactly 55 miles per hour

    a person standing up watching a moving car


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  • All other factors being equal, under which of the following conditions would the change in an object’s speed be greatest?

    a large net force applied to a heavy object

    a small net force applied to a heavy object

    a large net force applied to a light object

    a small net force applied to a light object


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  • One way scientists show forces is with a force
    diagram. The diagram below shows the
    direction and the strength of each force. The
    forces are measured in Newtons (N). Which of
    the following shows an object with unbalanced
    forces?


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  • Since flight requires a great amount of energy,
    birds have many adaptations to either save
    energy or provide more energy during flight.
    Which of the following bird adaptations
    reduces the amount of energy that birds must
    use during flight?

    heavy beaks

    lightweight skeleton with hollow bones

    very rapid heartbeat

    very high metabolic rate


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  • A student is boiling water as part of an
    experiment on phases of matter. Which of the
    following events could be a direct observation
    and NOT an inference?

    the thermometer reading 100°C

    heat being absorbed by the water

    water molecules breaking apart into oxygen and hydrogen atoms

    water molecules moving so rapidly that they escape from the liquid


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  • The Gulf Stream flows along the east coast of North America to Great Britain (Point A). Based on the information given, one would hypothesize that the Gulf Stream is caused by
    winds that blow toward the

    northeast
    southeast
    northwest
    southwest


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  • According to the figure, the trade winds that exist near the equator generally blow from


    east to west.

    west to east.

    southeast to northwest.

    southwest to northeast.


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  • Great Britain (Point A) is about as far north of the equator as northern Canada (Point B). However, Great Britain has a much milder climate than the interior of northern Canada. Which of the following statements best explains this observation?

    Cold water currents flow along the west coast of Great Britain, leading to a milder climate than in Canada.

    Warm water currents flow along the west coast of Great Britain, leading to a milder climate than in Canada.

    Cold water currents flow along the east coast of Canada, leading to a harsher climate than in Great Britain.

    Warm water currents flow along the east coast of Canada, leading to a harsher climate than in Great Britain.


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  • Before advanced equipment was developed, scientists had to use other means to measure photosynthesis. It was known that plants give off oxygen during photosynthesis. In one experiment, algal cells were exposed to various colors of light. Bacteria that are attracted to oxygen were used as an indicator of the relative rate of photosynthesis under different colors of light. The bacteria could be used as an indicator of the relative rate of photosynthesis because the bacteria would be attracted to areas of


    higher oxygen concentration, which should be in areas where the rate of photosynthesis was higher.

    higher oxygen concentration, which should be in areas where the rate of photosynthesis was lower.

    lower oxygen concentration, which should be in areas where the rate of photosynthesis was higher.

    lower oxygen concentration, which should be in areas where the rate of photosynthesis was lower.


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  • Oil and water are added to a flask. The flask in the figure shows the oil and water after they have separated.

    Which of the following is an inference that explains the result of the experiment represented by the figure?


    Oil floats on water.

    Water floats on oil.

    Oil is less dense than water.

    Water is less dense than oil.


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  • Which of the following is an advantage of using natural gas for heating a home?


    Natural gas can be recycled.

    Natural gas is a non-renewable resource.

    Natural gas is not available in some areas.

    Natural gas burns cleaner than other fossil fuels.


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  • Natural gas is a non-renewable resource. Which of these resources is also considered non-renewable?


    wood
    wind
    coal
    water


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  • Mercaptan blends well with natural gas and has many of the same properties, so it will rise and diffuse along with the natural gas. Why are these qualities of mercaptan important?


    They prevent gas leaks.

    They make gas leaks detectable.

    They give the gas a yellowish color.

    They make the gas burn more efficiently.


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  • Geothermal energy sources, such as the one used by this power plant, are renewable. What can this tell us about the power plant?


    The power plant can only run in the daytime.

    The power plant could run for a very long time.

    The power plant uses solar energy and water currents.

    The power plant will stop when it uses up the energy in the hydrosphere.


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  • What is a disadvantage this geothermal plant shares with one that uses coal to generate electricity?


    It can pollute the air.

    It generates little power.

    It will use up its source of energy.

    It permanently removes water from the hydrosphere.


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  • What energy transformations take place to change the water in the well into the energy that is used by homes and businesses?




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  • Why does the steam rise when the water does not?


    Water is less dense than steam.

    Steam is less dense than water.

    Turbines force the steam to rise.

    Steam is not affected by gravity.


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  • According to Figure A, how long does it take the Earth to make one revolution around the sun?


    12 hours
    1 day
    6 months
    1 year


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  • Which of the following would most likely occur if Earth’s axis were not tilted with respect to its orbit around the sun?


    A year would be significantly longer than 365.25 days.

    Winters everywhere would be colder than they are now.

    Seasonal weather changes would be less severe than they are now.

    Earth would rotate much faster than it does now.


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  • On June 22, you talk to a friend who lives near the tip of South America (about 45°S) about the weather and seasons. Compared to South America, the days in Ohio (about 40°N) are

    °S) about the weather and seasons. Compared to South America, the days in Ohio (about 40°N) are

    warmer, longer, and have more direct sunlight.

    warmer, shorter, and have less direct sunlight.

    colder, longer, and have more direct sunlight.

    colder, shorter, and have less direct sunlight.


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  • One advantage of optical fiber over copper wire for telephone communications is that optical fiber


    carries signals more slowly than copper wire.

    weighs more than the same length of copper wire.

    heats up more than copper wire.

    can carry more information per wire/fiber than copper wire.


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  • A medical doctor uses an endoscope to look into a patient’s stomach. It has two bundles of fibers: one bundle is coherent and one bundle is incoherent. What might be the purpose of the incoherent bundle?


    to magnify the image of the stomach

    to enlarge the image of the stomach

    to transmit an image of the stomach

    to illuminate the stomach


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  • Copper wire, unlike optic fibers, transmits


    energy.

    electrical current.

    pulses of light.

    images of objects.


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  • In Table B, for Pesticide A, no toxicity information is given for which of the following groups of organisms?


    birds.

    mammals
    fish

    aquatic insects


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  • How does an optical fiber work?


    It reflects the beam of light along the inside of the fiber.

    It speeds up the light beam.

    It slows down the light beam.

    It increases light intensity.


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  • In Table B, which of the following pesticides is more toxic to aquatic insects than it is to fish?


    Pesticide A

    Pesticide B

    Pesticide C

    Pesticide D


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  • According to Table A, a pesticide with which of the following toxicity ratings would be considered the least toxic?


    Class I

    Class II

    Class IV

    Class V


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  • Does the information in the table above support the hypothesis that young trout and trout eggs are more susceptible to the effects of acid rain than older trout?


    Yes, because young trout and trout eggs are affected at a higher pH than trout in general.

    No, because young trout and trout eggs are affected at a higher pH than trout in general.

    No, because young trout and trout eggs are affected at a lower pH than trout in general.

    No, because young trout and trout eggs are not affected by pH.


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  • Assume that there is a lake near your home with a pH of 3.0. Based on the information in the table above, you would hypothesize that in this lake


    only snails and tadpoles would be able to survive.

    only snails and insects would be able to survive.

    only bass, walleyes, and trout would be able to survive.

    none of the animals listed in the table could survive.


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  • Assume that a given lake has an initial pH of 6.9. According to the table, which of the following types of organisms would first be affected if the acidity of this lake increases?


    snails
    suckers
    plankton

    perch


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  • The average pH of rainfall over New England is about 4.0. New England is an area that is sensitive to acid rain. Over many years, you would expect that the pH of lakes and ponds in New England would most likely


    increase.
    decrease.

    increase and then decrease.

    remain unchanged.


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  • According to the figure above, what is the melting point of ice?


    –40°C

    0°C

    50°C

    100°C


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  • Which of the following would be different if the ice had started at –30°C instead of –40°C at the start of the experiment?


    Fewer calories would be needed to get the ice to start melting.

    Fewer calories would be needed to complete the melting process once the ice started melting.

    More calories would be required to start the water boiling.

    More calories would be required to vaporize the water completely once the water started boiling.


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